5.56 Body Armor - The AR-15 rifle is currently one of the most popular rifles in America, and for good reason. It's light, accurate, and easy to shoot, and you can turn it into almost any type of weapon you want thanks to its design. The AR can still fire 5.56mm bullets. Some guns are configured for rocket velocity 40g varmint loads. Other guns like the 77 gram tampers that work well with snipers. Today we'll look at two of the most popular types of 5.56mm AR cartridges, the 62-grain M855 vs. 55 grains of M193.
The M-16 rifle and M-4 carbine in military and police service, as well as the AR-15 in your rifle, all trace their roots to one man: Eugene Stoner. Stoner is an engineer and machinist with a background in aircraft design. In the mid-1950s, he used his knowledge of aircraft aluminum and mass production techniques to create the AR-10 rifle chambered in 7.62mm. When the US Army chose the M-14 instead of the AR-10 for its next rifle, Stoner downsized the rifle to fire a variety of commercial .223 Remington cartridges. The US Army adopted this design as the M-16 rifle.
5.56 Body Armor
The modular design of the AR-15 means that there will soon be many different versions of the rifle. The military buys semi-automatic rifles called AR-15s, while the military has recently changed the length and twist of the barrel, as well as changed the stock, grip, etc., to create a variety of firearms based on the Stoner design. The M-16 soon became the M-16A1. It was later redesigned with a shorter and tighter barrel like the M4 carbine. Militaries around the world now use many of them.
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The M193 is the US military's choice for the standard 5.56x45mm 55-grain copper-clad lead bullet. The copper on the outside of the circuit covers the lead inside. This makes it a prime example of an FMJ or full metal jacket. The M193 served as the primary cartridge for the M-16 rifle for many years, and is very accurate with a 1:12 twist rate in that rifle's 20-inch rifle. In the field, however, there are complaints that the M193 Light 55 weeks does not cause serious damage after it penetrates even a light covering such as a car door or plywood. So the search began for an environment that could be a good human stopper after introducing the problems identified in this area.
FN Herstal developed the M855 bullet in the mid-1970s to solve the penetration problem of the M193. The 5.56x45mm cartridge was originally called the SS109 and became NATO standard issue, and in the US it was called the M855. First, the M855 has a heavier bullet. The 62 rounds in the M855 cartridge are heavier than the 55 rounds in the M193.
7 grains may seem like a small amount (it's only 0.016 ounces, after all), but that little weight can make a big difference in how well the bullet travels to the target. The bigger difference is that the barrel you shoot them with matches. Both the 55-grain M193 bullet and the 62-grain M855 bullet work well with a barrel that has a twist rate of 1 in 8. This means that the barrel of the gun has grooves that make one complete revolution every eight inches.
A 1 to 7 twist ratio is what the military uses in most AR-style rifles, so both cartridges will shoot well in modern rifles. However, larger rifles, such as early AR-15s with 20-inch barrels, will have a twist rate of 1 to 12. This can cause hiccups with the heavier 62 grain cartridges.
Armor Piercing Bullet
Another big difference between the M855 and M193 ammunition is the bullets themselves. Places like Lake City make M193 bullets, as do most steel cased bullets. It has copper jacketed lead to prevent lead from clogging the gun barrel. They built the M855 a little differently. Shooters often call it "green". The reason for this is clearly visible if you look around him. The green color of the bullet indicates that the M855 has an iron core on the bullet. This helps it gain access to light coverings such as car doors.
Because of this metal core, there have been attempts to classify the M855 bullet as "armor-piercing". At first glance, the metal core around the M855 would help it penetrate body armor. But bulletproof vests, especially level IV bulletproof vests, are very durable.
We ran a simple test to see if the steel core in the M855 really is a "piercing tool" compared to the more traditional M193 cartridge.
We set up our test to see how the M855 drill compares to the M193. The first is two Level IV Body Armor Plates. The second part is two pieces of hardened AR500 steel. And the third - two small steel plates A36. We shot them all at a distance of 100 meters. We fired one M855 round and one M193 round at each target. Our team shot a homemade AR-15 with a 16” 1 in 8 barrel that provides the accuracy of a Swampfox 4-16×44 mil scope. Average bullet velocity (measured at the muzzle) is 3136 fps for the M193 cartridge and 2925 fps for the M855.
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Level IV plates stop both the 55 grain M193 FMJ bullet and the 62 grain steel core M855 cartridge. Neither projectile penetrated the armor, although both left a large bone in the back of the armor plate. Of course, it will hurt a bit to be killed with the environment. However, the penetration is not enough to cause serious damage to a person wearing a bulletproof vest. When it comes to penetrating body armor, there is really no difference between the M855 with a steel core and the M913 with its conventional all-steel casing construction.
The manufacturer's specially hardened AR500 steel is impact and damage resistant. We often use it as a bulletproof plate in body armor. The bullet resistance of AR500 steel also makes it a good choice for the targets we shoot at from our range. At 100 yards there is no difference in penetration between the M855 and the M193. Both cartridges splashed on solid metal and did not affect the surface in any significant way. If you need to punch holes in hardened steel, you may want to use something other than the 5.56mm round, even if it's the M855.
Trace metals are the most common types of metals encountered by our citizens. Car doors, refrigerators, steel doors, pretty much everything we think of as "steel" is made of small pieces of metal. The M855 has significantly different results when shooting small metal compared to the M193 cartridges. The metal core of the M855 projectile penetrated through the fine metal and entered the ground of the backstop. The M193 lead and copper, on the other hand, cut large indentations into the target but did not penetrate it.
The results of our assessment are clear. The so-called M855 "bone-to-bone" projectile does not penetrate armor. Instead, he did the job he was supposed to do: punch a hole in the cap to stop the M193 projectile. However, there are warnings about using the M855 cartridge every day. Many locations (especially indoors) have banned the M855 due to concerns about bullets punching holes in the rear or metal targets. In that case, the standard FMJ 62 lis cartridges without a steel core should be your choice. The ammunition needs of the civilian military differ slightly from those of the military and law enforcement. Choose ammunition based on the target.
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Before joining the team at , Kevin Creighton managed marketing for several companies in the firearms world. Since 2006, Kevin has written articles on the latest facts about gun ownership in America for publications such as American Hunter, Shooting Illustrated, BearingArms.com, Beretta.com, and Downrange TV. He is an active member of USPSA, IDPA and 3Gun and is an NRA Firearms Instructor. Kevin has hundreds of workouts from people like Bob Vogel, Craig Douglas, Rob Leetham, Massad Ayub and more. From movies to the big screen, it's not hard to prove the limits of the body's power these days. Or is it? What we see in the media is not true. Body armor or plate armor is certainly durable, but not an invincible shield. When it comes to 5.56mm vs. body armor, will be one of the most competitive in the world to enter or fall?
The answer is not always clear. It all depends on the level of the body armor, the patch and the manufacturing process. Badly done
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